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Free sample question, answered and explained below. The AZ-900 Microsoft Azure Fundamentals Exam practice bank has 688 more like it. Try 10 free: instant score, no account.
An organization is deploying a multi-tier web application to Azure and needs to enhance its cloud security posture.
The development team requires a centralized, secure cloud repository to manage and safeguard sensitive application secrets, database connection strings, and cryptographic encryption keys without embedding them in application source code.
Which Azure service should the organization use to meet these requirements?
Azure Key Vault is a centralized cloud service provided by Microsoft Azure designed for securely storing and managing sensitive information, including cryptographic keys, application secrets, and TLS/SSL certificates. It leverages physical Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) to provide rigorous physical and logical isolation for sensitive data.
In cloud application development, hard-coding sensitive credentials (such as database connection strings, API tokens, and private encryption keys) directly into source code introduces major security risks. Azure Key Vault resolves this challenge by enabling developers to reference secrets dynamically at runtime through secure URI endpoints, completely removing sensitive plaintext from repositories and deployment templates.
Using Azure Key Vault provides a robust, fully managed platform that eliminates credential sprawl across application configurations and code repositories. It ensures compliance with industry security standards while offering centralized audit logging for all access requests.
Microsoft Defender for Cloud (formerly Azure Security Center) is a comprehensive cloud security posture management (CSPM) and cloud workload protection platform (CWPP). It continuously monitors cloud environments to identify vulnerabilities, assess compliance, and alert administrators to emerging security threats.
Microsoft Defender for Cloud evaluates the security state of workloads and provides hardening recommendations, but it is not designed to function as an application-level secret or encryption key repository. It cannot store, rotate, or serve application connection strings or cryptographic keys to application runtimes.
The organization needed an automated tool to scan resources for misconfigurations, track overall cloud security posture, or detect active brute-force or injection attacks.
Defender for Cloud may evaluate whether services are encrypting data using keys managed in Azure Key Vault, highlighting how these services complement each other.
Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) is a native cloud network security service that provides centralized protection for web applications against common web exploits and vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and session hijacking.
Azure WAF operates at Layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS) to inspect incoming web traffic and block malicious requests before they reach backend application servers. It does not provide storage or lifecycle management capabilities for application connection strings, certificates, or cryptographic keys.
The organization needed to protect its public web applications from Layer 7 attacks, SQL injection attempts, or unauthorized malicious web traffic.
While a WAF inspects traffic to keep attackers out of web servers, Azure Key Vault protects the backend secrets that those web servers use to access backend databases.
Microsoft Entra ID (formerly known as Azure Active Directory) is Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management (IAM) service. It provides core identity services such as user authentication, single sign-on (SSO), multi-factor authentication (MFA), and role-based access control.
While Microsoft Entra ID is essential for authenticating users and services that request access to secrets, it is not a secret storage vault itself. It manages identities, user accounts, and access tokens, but it does not store application secrets, database connection strings, or cryptographic encryption keys.
The organization needed a centralized identity provider to manage user sign-ins, enforce multi-factor authentication, or grant role-based access to cloud resources.
Microsoft Entra ID works closely alongside Azure Key Vault by authenticating applications and granting them authorized tokens to read secrets from Key Vault.
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