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You are conducting a stakeholder and user-centric analysis for an enterprise migrating its legacy data warehouse to Google Cloud. Through your analysis, you have documented the following requirements and constraints:
How should you design the initial phase of the migration to satisfy these stakeholder requirements?
Keep the data in the legacy warehouse and configure BigQuery federated queries to allow the BI tools to query the legacy data through BigQuery's engine. Leave the ETL pipelines unchanged.
Shift to an ELT pattern by extracting raw data directly from the source systems into BigQuery and performing transformations using BigQuery SQL. Repoint the dashboards to the new BigQuery views.
Execute a full migration by rewriting the upstream batch ETL pipelines to ingest data directly into BigQuery. Deprecate the legacy tables and repoint the dashboards to BigQuery.
Offload the use case by migrating the schema and historical data to BigQuery. Establish an incremental data synchronization from the legacy warehouse to BigQuery, and repoint the analysts' dashboards to BigQuery.
Keep the data in the legacy warehouse and configure BigQuery federated queries to allow the BI tools to query the legacy data through BigQuery's engine. Leave the ETL pipelines unchanged.
Shift to an ELT pattern by extracting raw data directly from the source systems into BigQuery and performing transformations using BigQuery SQL. Repoint the dashboards to the new BigQuery views.
Execute a full migration by rewriting the upstream batch ETL pipelines to ingest data directly into BigQuery. Deprecate the legacy tables and repoint the dashboards to BigQuery.
Offload the use case by migrating the schema and historical data to BigQuery. Establish an incremental data synchronization from the legacy warehouse to BigQuery, and repoint the analysts' dashboards to BigQuery.
Offloading a use case is an iterative migration strategy where downstream consumption (like querying and reporting) is moved to the new cloud data warehouse first, while the upstream data ingestion and transformation pipelines remain temporarily anchored to the legacy system. Data is synchronized between the legacy system and the new environment to keep it fresh.
When stakeholder needs conflict—such as the business demanding immediate performance while engineering requires time to rebuild pipelines—an iterative offloading approach is the only way to satisfy both parties. It bridges the gap between current technological constraints and desired user workflows.