Associate Data Practitioner

Determine Cloud Storage Classes Based on Access and Retention

Cloud Storage offers four main storage classes designed to balance access speed and storage cost. The Standard storage class is best for frequently accessed data, such as active website files or mobile app assets. For data accessed less often, Google Cloud provides three colder classes: Nearline (accessed less than once a month), Coldline (accessed less than once a quarter), and Archive (accessed less than once a year). Choosing a colder class reduces storage costs but introduces retrieval fees and minimum retention requirements. For example, Archive storage has the lowest monthly storage rate but the highest cost to access the data, making it ideal for regulatory compliance records.

Configure Lifecycle Rules to Automatically Delete Data

Managing data growth requires automated cleanup rules to delete objects and tables after they are no longer needed. In Cloud Storage, you can set Object Lifecycle Management policies that automatically delete files when they reach a certain age. These policies help control costs by ensuring you do not pay to store expired data. Similarly, BigQuery allows you to set partition expiration or table expiration times. Once a table or partition exceeds this duration, BigQuery automatically deletes it to prevent unnecessary storage charges. The storage resources monitor metadata like creation time, and when a condition is met, the system transitions the data into a deleted state without manual intervention.

Evaluate Google Cloud Services for Archiving Data

Businesses must evaluate different Google Cloud services for long-term archiving based on their data type and access requirements. For unstructured data like system backups or videos, Cloud Storage with the Archive class is the optimal choice. If the archive data consists of structured records that still need occasional SQL querying, keeping them in BigQuery is often better. BigQuery automatically lowers its storage pricing for data that has not been modified for 90 days, transitioning it to a long-term storage state. The choice depends on a key tradeoff: choose Cloud Storage Archive for the absolute lowest cost when data rarely needs to be queried, or choose BigQuery when you still need to analyze the historical data quickly using SQL queries.